Contents
KNEE FLEXION
Look for either flexion or hyperextension of the knees by observing the patient's knee from the lateral side.
If the knees are flexed, consider the following patterns:
Knee flexors
Hip flexors
- Iliopsoas (Psoas Major, Iliacus)
- Sartorius
- Tensor Fascia Latae
- Rectus Femoris
- Pectineus
- Adductor Longus
- Gracilis
- Adductor Brevis
- Gluteus Medius (anterior fibers)
- Gluteus Minimus (anterior fibers)
Dorsiflexors of ankle
- Tibialis Anterior
- Extensor Digitorum Longus
- Extensor Hallucis Longus
- Peroneus Tertius
KNEE HYPEREXTENSION
Look for either flexion or hyperextension of the knees by observing the patient's knee from the lateral side.
If the knees are hyperextended, consider the following patterns:
Knee extensors:
Hip extensors:
- Gluteus Maximus
- Biceps Femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
- Adductor Magnus
- Gluteus Medius (posterior fibers)
- Gluteus Minimus (posterior fibers)
Ankle plantarflexors:
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- Peroneus Longus
- Peroneus Brevis
- Tibialis Posterior
- Flexor Digitorum Longus
- Flexor Hallucis Longus
- Plantaris