Contents
TRUNK ROTATION
Look for rotation of the trunk
When the trunk is rotated the following muscles may be involved:
- Obliquus Internus (ipsilateral to the direction the body is facing)
- Obliquus Externus (contralateral to the direction the body is facing)
- Iliopsoas (contralateral to the direction the body is facing)
- Rhomboideus Major and Minor (contralateral to the direction the body is facing)
- Levatores Costarum (contralateral to the direction the body is facing)
- Erector Spinae (ipsilateral to the direction the body is facing)
- Transversospinalis (contralateral to the direction the body is facing)
- Semispinalis
- Multifidus
- Rotatores
Muscles indirectly affected synergistically by trunk rotation
- Serratus Anterior
- Scaleni
- Atlas
- Scaleni
- Tensor Fascia Latae
- Iliotibial tract
- Extensor Digitorum Longus
- Tibialis Anterior
- Peroneus Longus
- Adductor Hallucis
- Biceps Femoris
- Peroneus Longus
- Iliotibial tract
LATERAL FLEXION OF THE SPINE
Observe the 12th ribs and notice if there are any height differences between the sides
If there is lateral flexion of the spine, the following muscles may be involved:
- Quadratus Lumborum
- Iliopsoas
- Rectus Abdominis
- Obliquus Externus
- Obliquus Internus
- Erector Spinae
- Iliocostalis
- Longissimus
- Multifidus
- Intertranversii
- Levatores Costarum
KYPHOSIS
Observe the curvature of the neck and back from the lateral side of the patient.
Note if any kyphothic posture is involved. If present, then the following patterns should be evaluted:
Intercostalis muscles
- External Intercostalis
- Internal Intercostalis
- Transversus Thoracis